Regulations

The frameworks your IT director already recognizes.

One page. Three jurisdictions. Notification clocks and reporting paths called out where they exist.

United States — federal

Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act(CIRCIA)
72 hours to CISA; 24 hours for ransomware payments.

Covered municipal infrastructure (water, transit, emergency services).

Reference →
CJIS Security Policy(CJIS)
Per CSO discretion; typically within 24 hours of discovery.

Any compromise touching FBI-shared criminal-justice information.

Reference →
HIPAA Breach Notification Rule(HIPAA)
60 days to individuals; immediate for >500 affected.

Municipal EMS, public-health clinics, employee health plans.

NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0(NIST CSF)

Voluntary framework referenced in state and local cyber grants (SLCGP).

Reference →
MS-ISAC reporting

Free for US SLTT entities. Coordination and threat intel, not regulator.

Reference →

United States — state

California CCPA / CPRA

PII of California residents, including those served by your municipality.

Massachusetts 201 CMR 17

Written information security program required for entities holding MA-resident PII.

New York SHIELD Act

Reasonable security and breach notification for NY-resident data.

Texas HB 4390

60-day notification for breaches affecting Texas residents.

All 50 state breach laws

Every state has a breach-notification statute. Notification scope is determined by where the affected residents live, not where the municipality is.

Canada — federal

PIPEDA

Federal private-sector law. Limited municipal applicability but relevant for vendor relationships.

Reference →
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security(CCCS)

Federal coordinating body for SLTT cyber incidents. Free programs and incident coordination.

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Canada — provincial

MFIPPA

Ontario municipal public-sector privacy law. Mandatory breach notification to IPC Ontario for significant breaches.

FIPPA (BC, AB, MB, NL, NS, PEI, ON, YT)

Provincial public-sector privacy law. Each province has its own commissioner and timelines.

Act respecting access to documents (Québec)

Québec municipal privacy framework, recently strengthened by Law 25. CAI is the regulator.

United Kingdom

UK GDPR / Data Protection Act 2018

All UK local authorities. 72-hour notification to the ICO for significant breaches.

NCSC Local Government Cyber Security Guidance

National Cyber Security Centre guidance specifically for local government.

NIS Regulations

Operators of essential services — applies to some municipal water and transport operators.

Cross-cutting

Open-meeting and public-records laws

Constrain how incidents can be discussed in council and what must be disclosed. Every jurisdiction has these — usually with a security-matters exception for closed session.

US Election Assistance Commission guidance

Election-administration advisory for jurisdictions running federal elections.

By jurisdiction

US states

Top jurisdictions at launch. More states added as visitor volume warrants.

By jurisdiction

Canadian provinces

Five provinces at launch. Others added as demand warrants.

FAQ

Common questions about municipal breach notification

What is the breach-notification clock for a US municipality?

Every US state has its own clock — California requires notice without unreasonable delay (with an AG copy if more than 500 residents are affected), Texas requires 60 days, and most other states fall between. CIRCIA adds a federal 72-hour clock to CISA for covered municipal infrastructure, and 24 hours for ransomware payments.

What is the breach-notification clock for a Canadian municipality?

Provincial public-sector privacy laws (MFIPPA in Ontario, FIPPA in BC/AB/MB/NL/NS/PEI/YT, Law 25 in Québec) each set their own thresholds, generally requiring notification to the privacy commissioner and to affected individuals when there is a real risk of significant harm.

Does HIPAA apply to my town?

Only to the parts of your municipality that act as a covered entity — typically EMS, public-health clinics, and employee group health plans. The 60-day individual notification clock and immediate HHS notification for breaches affecting more than 500 people apply to those operations.

Do I have to report ransomware to CISA?

If your municipality operates covered critical infrastructure (water, transit, emergency services) you fall under CIRCIA — that's 72 hours for a covered cyber incident and 24 hours for any ransomware payment. Voluntary reporting through MS-ISAC is available to every US SLTT entity at no cost.